This volume grew out of the project Columbia University Research in Contemporary Cultures, led by Mead and Ruth Benedict. With the anthropologist Margaret Mead, she edited Childhood in Contemporary Cultures (1955). Wolfenstein books include Movies (1950), Children's Humor (1954), and Disaster (1957), a seminal analysis of the impact of catastrophic events on individuals. She linked themes of grief, rage, and sexual guilt to the horrifying images that characterize the paintings that Goya painted after his illness in 1792. In her paper, "Goya's Dining Room" (1966a), she explicated the psychological fantasies portrayed in Goya's paintings and argued that for Goya the loss of his hearing was linked to his earlier losses, in their infancy, of all but one of his five children. She also wrote important studies of two artists: Ren é Magritte and Francisco de Goya. Wolfenstein wrote three classic papers on childhood bereavement: "How Is Mourning Possible?" (1966b), "Loss, Rage, and Repetition" (1969), and "The Image of the Lost Parent" (1973). Ellen Handler Spitz has written insightfully about this history and its role in Wolfenstein's work. Wolfenstein's mother died when she was a child, and there is a history of parental (especially maternal) loss extending back several generations in her family. A lay psychoanalyst, she was not a member of a society belonging to the American Psychoanalytic Association, but nonetheless was a widely admired teacher and supervisor in New York City. She was analyzed by the art historian and lay analyst Ernst Kris and attended classes at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute between 19. She graduated from Radcliffe College, and then earned an MA in psychology and a PhD in aesthetics from Columbia University. Martha Wolfenstein, a psychoanalyst and writer, was born on November 10, 1911, in Cleveland, Ohio, and died on November 30, 1976, in New York.
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